This operation uses a high-powered microscope to provide direct visual access to veins and arteries and a micro doppler to identify the arteries. A small incision in the groin, can help the doctor to reliably separate and preserve testicular arteries, while identifying and ligating both large and small veins that could dilate in the future. Also microsurgical varicocelectomy virtually eliminates the risk of developing a hydrocele, the most common varicocele repair complications. In fact, microsurgical techniques have significantly reduced recurrence rates to less than 2 percent and complications rates to less than 5 percent while significantly increasing fertility. The effectiveness of this procedure has been reported in the scientific literature to be as high as a 43 percent pregnancy rate for couples after one year and 69 percent after two years.